UPSC Mains GS Paper Detail Analysis

The subjects which are covered by the General Studies Papers in Mains Exam are:

General Studies I	General Studies II	General Studies III	General Studies IV
Indian Heritage and Culture	Governance	Technology	Ethics
History and Geography of the World	Constitution	Economic Development	Integrity
Society	Polity	Bio-diversity	Aptitude
	Social Justice	Environment
	International relations	Security and Disaster Management

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Focus Areas in Mains General Studies-I

Focus Areas in GS Paper-I
Subject	Topics
Art & Culture	Classical dances Temple architecture Themes of ancient Indian history Literature Music and musical instruments
Modern History	Four important agitations/movements: Swadeshi and Boycott movement, Khilafat and Non-cooperation movement, Civil Disobedience movement, Quit India movement. Social/religious reform movements: personalities and their contributions Contributions of important personalities (Indian and foreign)
India after Independence & Political Philosophies	Admission of princely states Role of important personalities Important movements after 1947 Communism Capitalism socialism
World History	American, French, Russian and Industrial Revolution World War I and II Current affairs International pages of The Hindu and The Indian Express
Society of India	Diversity in India Women Empowerment Issues in Indian Society
Geography	Cyclones, hurricanes, earthquakes Location of industries in India Water bodies Climate change Natural Resources

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Focus Areas in Mains General Studies-II

Focus Areas in GS Paper-II
Subject	Topics
Polity	Indian Constitution Features of Indian Constitution Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions Constitutional and non-constitutional bodies
Governance	Government policies and interventions Governance Transparency Accountability E-governance applications
Social Justice	Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services Issues relating to poverty and hunger
International Relations	Bilateral Groupings Regional and global groupings  Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests

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Focus Areas in Mains General Studies-III

Focus Areas in GS Paper-III
Subject	Topics
Economics	Economic Development in India Macroeconomics
Science & Technology	Dark Matter Higgs Boson Rare Earth Elements GM Crops Gene Editing Artificial Intelligence Space Technology Defence Technology
Biodiversity	Types of Biodiversity Biodiversity and Environment
Security	Internal Security Challenges in India Extremism Terrorism Money-Laundering
Disaster Management	Disaster Management in India PM Cares Fund National Disaster Management Plan 2016

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Focus Areas in Mains General Studies-IV

Focus Areas in GS IV Ethics Paper
S.No	Ethics Topics
1.	Ethics and Human Interface
2.	Human Values
3.	Attitude
4.	Aptitude
5.	Emotional Intelligence
6.	Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world
7.	Public or Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration
8.	Ethical issues in international relations and funding corporate governance
9.	Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; information
10.	Codes of ethics &  Citizen’s Charters